A Good Leader Influence a Group of Individuals free essay sample

Assignment of â€Å"a good leader influence a group of individuals to achieve a common goal and perform well, without having to watch over them† Introduction Leadership is always considering as an important managerial topic because a good leader does not only able to guide behaviors from followers, but also leads individuals within an organization to achieve their common objectives (Morrill, 2010). The commonly accepted definition of leadership is contributed by David and Vince (2008, p2), who defined leadership as a person has â€Å"abilities of leading a group of people, and also has abilities of supporting group of people to achieve common objectives†. More specifically, Bass (1990) defines leadership as the ability to adapt the setting so everyone feels empowered to contribute creatively to solving the problems. The primary aim of this assignment is to critically discuss the topic of â€Å"a good leader influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal and perform well, without having to watch over them. We will write a custom essay sample on A Good Leader Influence a Group of Individuals or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In order to answer this question well, the author selects Steve Jobs as the leader, and then with reference to Apple Inc to discuss why a good leader as Jobs influences group of individuals without watching them. As an essay based assignment, the author organizes this paper in three main parts, including introduction, main body and conclusion. In introduction section, the definition and importance of leadership are briefly discussed along with primary aim of this assignment. In the second part, the author discusses principles of a good leader; stages of leadership research, employee motivation and organizational culture in detail to discuss why Jobs influenced group of individuals in Apple Inc without watch them. Finally, in conclusion section, the author summarizes findings of this paper and explains how the primary aim of this assignment has been fulfilled. Main Body After reviewing wide range of leadership literatures, the author found that the debate on principles of a good leader is never stopping. In many researches, such as Alexander and Buckingham (2011); and Weidemeyer (2004) commonly argue that a good leader does not only need strong leadership skills and competences, but also needs to behavior morally and ethically. However, this argument has intensively been argued by many contemporary leadership researchers. For example, Ciulla (2004) argues that great leader is morality magnified. In addition, Jennings (2006) also argues that great men are always and almost bad men. In order to provide evidences to support these arguments, Jennings (2006) points out the seven signals of ethical collapse to describe misbehaviors from leaders. In recent dark side leadership researches, a mutual argument can be summarized as â€Å"it is not necessary for a good leader to be a good person†. For example, Conger (1990) argues that different leaders have different dark personalities in their leadership style. Even many very great leaders cannot avoid these dark personalities because they are unconscious. Furthermore, Liu et al (2012) argue in contemporary environment, in order to achieve organizational objectives and motivate individuals, leaders need to behavior unethically and unmorally to ensure the benefits of their organizations. In order to support this argument, Liu et al (2012) use Sir Alex Ferguson and Hafner of Playboy as examples to explain in some extent why misbehaviors from leaders are acceptable. In summary, there is no doubt that leaders should behave morally and ethically to provide positive guidance for society and followers. But ethics and morality are not basic principles to measure a good leader. Instead, the strategies used by leaders to motivate individuals and to achieve organizational objectives are principles of a good leader (Shear et al, 2012). On the other hand, there are five stages of leadership approaches have commonly been discussed in leadership literatures, including trait approach, behavioral approach, situational/contingency approach, creative approach, and post-charismaticamp; post-transformational approach of leadership (Parry and Bryman, 2006). Information of each stage is summarized in below table one. Table one: stages of leadership theory and research (Parry and Bryman, 2006)| Trait Approach:Dominant until late 1940s assumes leaders born, not made| Style (Behavioral) ApproachHeld sway until late 1960s- effects of leadership on those led| Contingency/Situational ApproachPopular to 1980s-situational factors are focus for understanding leadership| Creative Leadership ApproachSince 1980s, leader defines organizational reality through articulation of a vision| Post-Charismatic or Post Transformational Emerged late 1990s, distributed leadership, cooperative community, ship and spirituality| As table one illustrated, the research of leadership can be summarized in five leadership stages. In this paper, the author briefly introduces first three stages of leadership approaches, and then discusses creative leadership approach in detail because creative leadership is used as basis of this paper and will be applied with reference to Jobs and Apple Inc in later sections. Trait approach of leadership is considered as the first stage of leadership research and dominates in 1940s (Northouse, 2003). In this leadership approach, people believe characters of leaders are born from nature. So that they use physical traits, personal attributes, intelligence, values and self-confidence these factors to distinguish leaders and non-leaders (Bass, 1990). Style (behavioral) leadership approach is recognized as the second stage of leadership research, and it is emphasized on what a leader does rather than identifying who would be an effective leader (Bass, 1990). As table one demonstrated, the behavioral leadership approach was appeared in later 1960s. The most important progress from trait approach to behavioral approach is that behavioral approach attempts to answer the question of what leadership style is most effective. In order to answer this question, researchers such as Kurt Lewin assumes behaviors from leaders can be observed more objectively than traits and behaviors can be measured and taught (Lussier and Achua, 2010). Thirdly, situational and contingency leadership approach argues that leaders are not born from nature (Lussier and Achua, 2010). Situational and contingency approach points out that main reasons for people to be leaders are because they suitable with the working situations (Oostrom et al, 2012). As a result, a person probably be a leader in one situation, but not be a leader in another. In situational and behavioral approach, Oostrom et al (2012) point out that personality, style and behavior of effective leader are dependent on the requirements of the situation. Thus, there is no one best way to lead. Traits and behaviors from leaders can all be effective in different situations. Similarly, the best leading style or behavior are determined by situational or contextual factors (Bass, 1990). There are many real life examples can be seen as evidences to prove the accuracy of situational and contingency leadership approach. For example, Alex Ferguson and Jose Mourinho are all great football coaches, but they are not leaders in their player career. In addition, Lionel Messi performed as a god in the team of Barcelona, but also provides rubbish performances in Argentine National Football Team. Thus, these real life examples can fully indicate that successes of leaders are dependent on situation and contingency. Creative leadership approach is emerged in 1980s, and has wide applications even in today’s business environment. According to Bass (1990), there are three different approaches are contained by creative leadership approach, including transformational approach (Bass, 1985), Charismatic approach (Conger, 1989) and visionary leadership (Mintzberg, 1989). In addition, the biggest different between creative leadership and previous leadership researches is that in creative leadership approach, leaders focus on intellectually motivate employees, and then to earn performances from them beyond expectation (Chuang et al, 2011). However, previous leadership researches focus on an exchange between leaders and followers. Leaders provide rewards (e. g. extrinsic and intrinsic) to employees, and in return they contributed their compliancy and labors to leaders (Liu et al, 2012). In this paper, the author focuses on discussing transformational approach and charismatic approach, and with references to Jobs and Apple Inc to see why a good leader influences group of people without watch them. According to Bass (1985), transformational leadership approach focuses on inspiring and motivating followers. It can be defined as leaders have abilities to inspire and motivate followers to achieve goals greater than originally expected. In case of transformational approach, internal rewards are important to followers rather than external rewards (Bass, 1985). General speaking, it means that followers or individuals within an organization treated intrinsic rewards more important than extrinsic rewards. In motivational theories, many scholars contributed different ways to distinguish needs and expectations from individuals of an organization. For example, Maslow (1987) points out the famous hierarchy of needs to describe different expectations from individuals at the workplace. The hierarchy of needs include physical needs (e. g. sex, food), security needs (e. g. working condition), love and belonging needs (e. g. family), esteem needs (e. g. respect), and needs of self-actualization. In addition, Maslow (1987) argues that needs from individuals are always changing. Once needs from lower layers of the hierarchy are satisfied, needs from individuals would be turned from higher level of the hierarchy. In addition, McGregor (1960) also contributes the theory x and theory y as basic theories to recognize nature of human being. In McGregor’s the human side of enterprise, the scholar (1960) argues that the nature of human being can be classified in two different categories, including theory x and y. In theory x, McGregor (1960) argues that people are naturally lazy and dislike work. Money is the only factor to motivate them at work, so that they need to closely be directed and supervised. In the opposite theory y, McGregor (1960) argues that work is a natural experience of human life. Most of them are self-motivated and self-controlled, and focused on intrinsic rewards rather than extrinsic rewards. There are four factors commonly described as transformational factors of transformational approach, including idealized influence, intellectual stimulation, inspirational motivation, and individualized consideration (Morrill, 2010). Idealized influence describes that leaders use admiration, respect, and trusts and put needs of others before personal interests to motivate employees. In addition, inspirational motivate means that leaders motivate and inspire others by providing meaning and challenge to them (Bass, 1990). Thirdly, intellectual stimulation refers to leaders encourage innovation and creativity at workplace, and motivate individuals and followers by approaching old things in new ways. Lastly, individualized consideration means leaders attend to individuals needs for growth and achievement, and create new learning opportunities, accept individual difference and avoid close monitoring (Bass, 1990). In case of Apple Inc, Jobs is a leader who uses transformational factors to motivate individuals within the organization. According to Mayo and Benson (2006), as a leader of Apple Inc, Jobs firstly trusts and respects individuals of the organization, especially to the group members. In addition, Mayo and Benson (2006) also express in Apple Inc, Jobs never closely direct and supervise individuals. In order to encourage their creativity and provides excellent working condition, Jobs even not set any HR department in Apple Inc. Thus, it does not only satisfy with the principles of idealized influence in transformational approach, but also satisfies with the principles of previous stated motivational theories. Steve Jobs uses respects and trusts to others as basis to motivate and influence group of people in Apple, and without watch them. In addition, Jobs also focuses on providing meaning and challenges to group of people in Apple to motivate and influence them. According to Jobs â€Å"if you do something and it turns out pretty good, then you should go to do something else wonderful, not dwell on it for too long. Just figure out what’s next†. It is a famous Quotation from Steve Jobs. In this Quotation, it is easy to carry out that Jobs is a person who likes perfect. Steve Jobs does not dwell on the current successes. Instead, he focuses on providing meanings and challenges to himself and group of individuals in Apple, and motivates them to complete tasks beyond expectations. It is useful to achieve the common goal of Apple Inc which is described as â€Å"to provide best technological products to customers around the word† (Apple. com, 2013). Many individuals in Apple Inc are become as passionate to deal with highly challenging tasks that they have been done before. It does not only mean Steve Jobs has transformational factors to influence a group of people, but also understands how to use goal setting theory in motivating employees to achieve challengeable, but possible goals. Thus, there is once again indicates that a good leader influences a group of individuals without watch them. On the other hand, Steve Jobs is also a charismatic leader in Apple Inc. According to Michaelis et al (2009), charismatic leadership is defined as a leadership based on leader’s abilities to communicate and behave in ways that reach followers on a basic, emotional way to inspire and motivate. General speaking, charismatic leadership refers to a process of establishing self-images and charms by leaders rather than using authority and external power to motivate and influence people (Tuytens and Devos, 2012). In case of Apple Inc, there is no doubt that Steve Jobs is a charismatic leader. Firstly, even though Steve Jobs was passed away in 2011, Apple Inc still uses Jobs’ quotations, pictures, and other stories to motivate individuals of the organization (Apple. com, 2013). Innovation, focused on detail and perfection and creativity are recognized as both important characters of charm from Jobs. Until today, these characters of charm are seen as important cultural characters in Apple Inc. According to Morrill (2010), organizational culture is defined as the values and behaviors that contribute to the unique social and psychological environment of an organization. It bases on an organization’s experiences, philosophy, values and expectations. It expresses the self-image of an organization, the ways of individuals work in the organization, and how the organization interacts with external word and its expectations (Morrill, 2010). It is unique to any organization, and can be influenced by many factors. For example, the characters of leaders, working methods are all important factors to influence the cultural characters of an organization (Northouse, 2003). In case of Apple Inc, Steve Jobs is a charismatic leader and deeply injected his charms of focusing on innovation, adventure and creativity in culture of Apple Inc. According to Apple. com (2013), the culture of Apple Inc is described that innovation and adventure, focused on group work and details. Thus, there is no doubt that as a charismatic leader, Steve Jobs puts charms in establishing the cultures of Apple Inc, and uses charismatic factors to influence group of individuals in Apple even he was passed away. Individuals in Apple Inc are working with a common goal, which is to achieve the commitment of delivering great technological products to customers around the world (Apple. com, 2013). As a result, there is also no doubt that a good leader as Steve Jobs influences a group of individuals to achieve a common goal and without watch them. Even he passed away; the charms and personal characters of Steve Jobs are still driving individuals to work with the common goal of Apple Inc. Conclusion The primary purpose of this paper is to answer the question of â€Å"a good leader influences group of people to achieve a common goal and perform well, without having to watch over them†, the author selects Jobs as the leader and Apple Inc as the case company. In order to achieve the primary purpose, this paper firstly discusses the principles of good leaders as background. The findings of this section indicate that it is not necessary for a good leader to be a good person because there are conscious biases as well as unconscious favors of people. Therefore, it is impossible to avoid personalities from many leaders to against the ethical and moral issues. In the second part, the author introduces five stages of leadership researches as basis, and then discusses why Jobs is a transformational and charismatic leader in case of Apple Inc. In order to answer the essay question in comprehensive way, the author also introduces employee motivation and organizational culture synthesizes with leadership theories in the second part. Findings of this section indicate that a good leader understands how to use leadership skills as well as motivational skills to influence group of individuals to work with a common goal, and perform well. In addition, it is also not necessary for leaders to watch them because in this context, leader always used intrinsic motivation or injected charismatic characters in an organization’s cultures to influence individuals of the organization. With reference to Jobs and Apple Inc, there is no doubt that Jobs influenced individuals of the company to develop and create new products in achieving the common goal of delivering best technological products to customers. In addition, Jobs also establishes a culture of focusing on details and perfection of their products from his personal characters. It is also influenced group of people from Apple Inc to deliver the best products to customers and is one of the principal reasons to Apple Inc’s success of today.

Examples of Sanctions in International Relations

Examples of Sanctions in International Relations In international relations, sanctions are a tool that nations and nongovernmental agencies use to influence or to punish other nations or non-state actors. Most sanctions are economic in nature, but they may also carry the threat of diplomatic or military consequences as well. Sanctions can be unilateral, meaning they are imposed only by one nation, or bilateral, meaning a bloc of nations (such as a trade group) is imposing the penalties. Economic Sanctions The Council on Foreign Relations defines sanctions as a lower-cost, lower-risk, middle course of action between diplomacy and war. Money is that middle course, and economic sanctions are the means. Some of the most common punitive financial measures include: Tariffs: Surcharges on imported goods, often imposed to aid domestic industries and markets.Quotas: Limits on the number of goods that may be imported or exported.  Embargoes: Restrictions on or cessation of trading with a nation or bloc of nations. These can include limiting or banning travel by individuals to and from nations.Non-tariff barriers: These are designed to make foreign goods more expensive by complying with onerous  regulatory requirements.Asset seizure/freeze: Capturing or holding the financial assets of nations, citizens, or preventing the sale or moving of those assets.   Oftentimes, economic sanctions are linked to treaties or other diplomatic agreements between nations. They could be revocation of preferential treatment such as Most Favored Nation status or import quotas against a country not abiding by agreed international rules of trade. Sanctions may also be imposed to isolate a nation for political or military reasons. The United States has imposed severe economic penalties against North Korea in response to that nations efforts to develop nuclear weapons, for example, and the U.S. does not maintain diplomatic relations, either. Sanctions are not always economic in nature.  President Carters  boycott of the Moscow Olympics in 1980 can be viewed as a form of diplomatic and cultural sanctions imposed in protest against the  Soviet Unions invasion of Afghanistan. Russia retaliated in 1984, leading a multination boycott of the Summer Olympics in Los Angeles. Do Sanctions Work? Although sanctions have become a common diplomatic tool for nations, especially in the decades after the end of the Cold War, political scientists say they are not particularly effective. According to one landmark study, sanctions have only about a 30 percent chance of succeeding. And the longer sanctions are in place, the less effective they become, as the targeted nations or individuals learn how to work around them. Others criticize sanctions, saying they are most often felt by innocent civilians and not the intended government officials. Sanctions imposed against Iraq in the 1990s after its invasion of Kuwait, for example, caused prices for basic commodities to spike, led to extreme food shortages, and triggered outbreaks of disease and famine. Despite the crushing impact these sanctions had on the general Iraqi population, they did not lead to the ouster of their target, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein. International sanctions can and do work sometimes, however. One of the most famous examples is the near-total economic isolation imposed on South Africa in the 1980s in protest against that nations policy of racial apartheid. The United States and many other nations ceased trading and companies divested their holdings, which in conjunction with strong domestic resistance led to the end of South Africas white-minority government in 1994. Source Masters, Jonathan. What Are Economic Sanctions? CFR.org. 7 August 2017.

Child and Adolescent Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Child and Adolescent Obesity - Essay Example After discussing the causes underlying rising obesity, the authors refer to the outcomes of obesity in children's current and future social and biological life. They further relate the enhanced obesity with certain psychological disorders in a children's life. Thus, the book is a broad in scope and draws a classical outlook to childhood obesity by referring to its causes and consequences in terms of physical and societal problems, and probable steps to be undertaken for prevention and management. The book signifies the complexness of the subject and therefore proves to be a valuable and informative guide for everyone associated with childhood obesity. Susan has based this book upon the idea of fighting back the ever-rising monster of childhood obesity. She presents important statistics arousing concerns for the Americans as 'the fattest generation' and pinpoints the negative impact it has on health of children. Susan views and projects several adverse consequences of obesity on health and social lives children including inferiority complex and investigates various causes underlying it. She regards unhealthy eating habits and "couch potato" attitudes as the major factors causing obesity. She is of the view that physical activities seem to be severely diminishing in the society leading to an inactive lifestyle: The lifestyle of most U. S. ... S. children today is far more sedentary than that of kids who grew up a few decades ago. The reasons are many and include sprawling suburbs; cutbacks in school physical education programs; work schedules that prevent many parents from being available to supervise after-school play; the lure of the passive entertainment provided by television, computers, and video games (118). She propounds several ways to overcome obesity and informs parents and families of effective programs undertaken for this purpose. She regards reduction in non-physical activities as the essence of this fight-back: "a key initial goal for many families might be reducing the time kids (and adults) spend watching TV, sitting at the computer, and playing video games each week and substituting other, more active ways to have fun" (119). JOURNAL ARTICLES Subrahmanyam, Kaveri, et al. The Impact Of Home Computer Use On Children's Activities And Development. Children And Computer Technology. 10.2 (2000): 123-144. Subrahmanyam's article investigates into the possible impacts of increased computer use among the American children. In the beginning of the article, he raises concerns about the increased access of US kids to the home computers and notes the arguments raised by the proponents of enhanced computer use among children. After that, he proposes probable harmful impingements of home computer use among children. He also relates enhanced computer usage to the minimization of healthful physical activities on the part of the children and uses several studies and evidences supporting his argument. He says: It appears that greater access to home computers may actually be increasing children's total "screen time," that is, time spent using a computer, playing video games, and watching

Description of The Green Man by Tim Burton Essay

Description of The Green Man by Tim Burton - Essay Example The irregular shapes are shown through the head, neck and shoulder parts as well as the shirt. The painting drawn on canvass with oil and acrylic used different lines and shapes to make the general form of a distorted figure of a man. Short lines were used to portray stitches on the face of the man in addition to the reddish background. The painter used the basic colors blue, red and yellow as well as secondary colors like orange and green. Darker shades were used around the image while different hues of different colors were used in the image as well as those which are very near images that the painter seemed attract the audiences’ attention to like the nose. Around it are obviously brighter shades of the background, looking like a light is directed to it. Strengthening the color of the nose and eyes, Burton used different shades of blue on the shirt, showing it to resemble clothing that had been worn for a long time. The red and white covering of the neck not only attracts the observers’ eyes to it but adds to the contrasting colors and emphasizes the use of t he basic colors. In its general form, the picture may not be pleasant to look at but its message can attract audiences to what could be conveyed through

Purchasing Power Parity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Purchasing Power Parity - Essay Example It states that the country which is having high inflation rate is weak in terms of currency because inflation reduces the real purchasing power of a nation’s currency. It predicts a relationship between the inflation rates of two countries over a specified period and the movement in the exchange rate between their two currencies over the same period which means that the exchange rate of two currencies reflects the effect of inflation rate (Murphy, p.1). Absolute PPP states that the value of 2 currencies changes in contrary proportion to the changes in the ratio of price levels. On the other hand relative, PPP predicts a relationship between the inflation rates of two countries over a specified period and the movement in the exchange rate between their two currencies over the same period. Absolute PPP is based on the law of one price that is tested for a basket of commodities or individual commodities. The relative PPP approximates the change in individual price by change in pr ice indices. Empirical evidence of absolute PPP: An orange costs 3 dollars in country A and the same orange costs 6 dollars in country B. This means 3 dollars in country A equals to 6 dollars in country B. This exchange rate is based on the cost of orange and it is assumed that the cost of orange is same worldwide. Empirical evidence of relative PPP: Japan’s anticipated annual rate of inflation is equal to 6% per year, while the anticipated annual inflation rate for the U.S. is 3%. As an approximation, it is expected that the Japanese yen would devalue at the rate of 4% a year. The whole concept is based on unrealistic assumptions. That’s why forex market does not take into consideration the purchasing power parity. Those assumptions were a basket of goods and services in the CPI is the same in all countries, no transportation cost, and consumptions patterns are the same all over the world.

The Image Of Asylum Seekers Social Work Essay

The Image Of Asylum Seekers Social Work Essay Unaccompanied asylum seeking children (UASC) are amongst the discriminated and oppressed social groups in the UK .They are vulnerable but this is not always well matched with their access to services (Kohli and Mitchell, 2007) and they are just children in need (Howarth 2001).This essay shall explore some aspects of discrimination that affect them, the legislative and policy context in which discrimination is located and how organised systems in policy and law attempt to address this reality. Reference shall be made to direct experiences from unaccompanied asylum seeking children and also link their experiences to those of the broader asylum seekers category in order to establish the prospects of equality in the context of social services support. One of the core elements in the effective support of vulnerable people is to treat every person /child/adult as an individual. In this case, each child has their own narrative which must be looked at holistically in order to create necessary support structures which would trigger the necessary welfare provisions for the individual to be safeguarded and supported through their crisis. Hynes (2011) argues that asylum seekers are far removed from the perception of being ordinary people. Instead, they continue to experience extraordinary circumstances in the UK, with the common experience of being socially excluded and with little opportunity for these experiences to be understood (Hynes 2011:p.42). Kohli (2007) reiterates that in guidance for working with this vulnerable group, the dominant theme must be one of seeing them as children in need first and as asylum claimants later. UASCs extraordinary experiences cut across all facets of life, across time, across continents, access to services, through detention, lack of adequate supportive information, language barriers, tough procedures and negative social labels. The term unaccompanied asylum-seeking children is used to describe individuals who arrive in the UK under the age of 18, without a parent or other adult relative or guardian who is prepared to take responsibility for them, and who make an application for asylum in their own right (United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR,1994) Home Office (2012) figures issued show that In 2011, 6% (1,277) of main applicants were UASC. Almost a third (30%) of UASC applications were made by male nationals of Afghanistan; and overall 82% (1,049) of applications were from male applicants. UASC annual applications continue to fall and fell by 26% between 2010 (1,717 applications) and 2011. This decreasing trend has been influenced by falling applications from nationals of Afghanistan. There are direct drivers of the migration of unaccompanied minors like war and civil unrest, rape and torture which rise beyond the economic argument that is often painted by the media. Where UK born children are treated and understood as innocent, UASC are defined by their immigration status and suspicion (Kvittingen, 2012, Sales, 2007). Its extremely difficult for UASC to navigate through the system of immigration to welfare. In the same environment there are two forces at work, social work practice versus political and economic environment. The initial hurdle is the immigration process which is restrictive and controlling. An example would be that of the age assessment process. Cemlyn Briskman (2003) argue that there are limited resources for social work teams which inevitably shrink the resources with which the social workers have at their disposal. The unfair outcome includes high % of age disputes that often exclude UASC from the welfare provision under the Children Act 1989, Section 20 for looked after children. From such processes, difference in treatment emerges and discrimination and oppression are experienced. Discrimination and oppression Thompson (2012) characterises discrimination as a process where difference is identified and the difference becomes the basis of unfair treatment (Thompson 2012:7) Experiences resulting from such treatment locate the individual in a disadvantaged position. Thompson adds that this discrimination then becomes a source of oppression. The process of identifying some people as different and when they receive inhuman or degrading treatment is that key moment which social work practice must stand and challenge (Thompson 2012). Discrimination is therefore understood in its sociological, political and psychological contexts (Thompson 2012) by centrally considering inherent power dynamics between the vulnerable asylum seeking child and the service provider located at the centre of welfare distribution and care. From arrival, UASC must be understood as children in search of safety, as individuals with positive ambitions and as individuals in need of support (Kohli 2007). The social work intervention process has been implicated for being oppressive by Humphries (2004); Social work has been drawn into implementing racist policy initiatives whilst maintaining its unreflective, self deceiving anti-oppressive belief systems (p95) It is always important to realise that whilst there is great emphasis on good practice as anti-discriminatory practice, The relationship is a double edged one, consisting of elements of care and control. It is double edged in the sense that it can lead to either empowerment or potential oppression. The state through its machinery can control people to the extent that they become discriminated and oppressed. Social work interventions can help or hinder, empower or oppress (Thompson 2012:8). There are inherent power dynamics in operation, with the UASC occupying the weak needy position versus the state and its range of oppressive machinery. Moral obligations rather than differences must take precedence in the provision of services. There are numerous levels at which the difference of UASC are treated differently. Khohli (2007) argues that there have been numerous concerns raised regarding shortfalls in the areas of education, health provision and immigration practices and how social wo rk policies reinforce these disparities. There are socially constructed perceptions and structural determinants in the discrimination and oppression of UASC worth looking at .Thompsons model of understanding how inequalities and discrimination feature in peoples lives within their interactions by way of a PCS model (Thompson 2012) which emphasises on the Personal, Cultural and Structural determinants and levels at which discrimination operates. From the moment that the children arrive in UK they are bombarded with administrative processes that are complex, processes that include age assessment, and face a restrictive immigration system which stands as an enormous wall potentially blocking their access to welfare. Crawley (2007) argues that all these processes are more focussed on border control than on welfare provision. Part of the key procedure on entry for welfare provision is the age assessment, this is carried out by social workers and the determination on the assessment can determine the UASCs life. Age assessments are not always accurate and there are medical error margins of up to 5 years either side (Lenvenson Sharma 2004). Suspicion, doubt, lack of trust and general prejudice about asylum seekers is a reality that the media has successfully propelled. Thomas, (Guardian, 2012) British Red Cross head of external relations proved that the public perception of asylum seekers is primarily painted as scroungers. Professionals must support UASC without such prejudices and the social constructions which hinder the diversity agenda and structural tools which are designed to fail these children must be abandoned and these children must be seen as children first.Collett (2004) argues that social workers are increasingly drawn into the dirty work of social policy, where we reinforce the oppressions tha t we should be challenging (2004;88).Humphries (2004)adds that the role of social work has shifted towards control, restriction, surveillance and ultimately exclusion. There has been a gravitational shift of social workers into pseudo immigration officials. The cost of which has been the loss of the humanistic, companionship and welfare element which are core in cultural tolerance and diversity in social work practice. Besides the systems restrictive nature, the asylum process is stressful for children who have just escaped a traumatic past in the hope of finding help and support (Kohli, 2007). There is sufficient evidence examined regarding the ever shifting goal posts system for asylum seekers intended to squeeze them out and deter application influxes. An example is UASCs housing needs processing which reinforces the differences between UK born children where some UASC are being housed in hostels where there is evidence of low level support and detachment. UASC are often sacrificed through fast track housing provisions as demonstrated in Solihull where Wellman (2011) argues that teenage asylum seekers were to be treated less favourably than local children under plans by Solihull Council to fast-track them from foster care into supported housing. Watters (2008) examines the position of unaccompanied asylum seeking children in the UK tracing their experiences from ports of entry and highlights that safety and security are key aspirations for these children in an environment that is not hostile, a place to call home and enjoy life as a child. There is a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦pervasive culture of disbelief among immigration and welfare institutions in receiving countries (Watters 2008:71) of UASC. It is important to understand their pre-departure experiences. Against this background of aspirations reality is often different, the welcoming description at pre-departure often vanished as children faced a stark reality of having no food, no money and oftentimes unable to speak the language. More so, there is often lack of support during the early parts of the asylum screening interview, yet this later forms the basis of whether the application is successful or not (Watters 2008). Being a foreigner in the UK must be understood as a package that has a host of attachments to it, some often face multiple discriminations e.g. black asylum seeking children could lead to being racially maltreated in communities/context of where they are accommodated after care. This perpetuates the cycle of social exclusion and discrimination. Thompsons PCS model would here be referred to in the context of how communitys social construction and media perceive UASC and resultant repulsive treatment. According to the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC 2012), UASC often find the situations exacerbating their social category of oppression and discrimination in that the conditions in immigration screening centres are not child-friendly. Oftentimes there is very little or no knowledge and a lack of understanding about the specific issues relating to child-specific forms of persecution because of the remoteness of where they are coming from. An Independent Guardian in this case would help in establishing support bases for the young people and to be a disclosure point. It is difficult for young people to share their innermost life story to strangers, communication depends highly on relationship and having this support relationship helps the young peoples presentation of their case (NSPCC). UASCs transition into adulthood has another host of challenges in which they need support to be ready enough for life on their own .The NSPCC argues that the National Asylum Support System (NASS) prevents vulnerable children from falling through the net (NSPCC). If there is lack of support, then the outcome can either be their disappearance or exploitation. This means that it is of paramount importance to extend the support so that the system cushions the young people rather than leaving them to fall into uncertainty where poverty, social exclusion, discrimination and oppression can take over. Any failing by the state through its range of support machinery for young people would perpetuate the cycle of poverty and the oppression of UASC. In cases where age assessment determines the UASC as over 18, this leads to detention where their treatment transforms to that of an adult and welfare support deficit is experienced. NSPCC has an example in the stories of two boys in contact with one Young Peoples Centres. The boys had their age disputed for more than a year. One of these boys was placed in National Asylum Support Service (NASS) accommodation. He was a vulnerable child, yet he was placed in unsupported accommodation with adults. Neither of the boys was able to receive support from the local authority and as such their safeguarding and emotional wellbeing needs were not met (NSPCC). Such an experience affects the child, and as this essay has argued, its because of structural reasons, tools and processes that not always accurately capture the reality of children and their lives, this affects service provision. Fast tracking this contested age category for housing can be counterproductive and oppressive as it fails to a ccount for the individual childs needs. The dispersal model applied in the UK for asylum seekers extends the idea of what Carter and El-Hassan (2003:10-11) term institutionalised seclusion. Hynes (2011) describes the dispersal situation as betwixt and between, in a country but outside mainstream society. The incremental exclusion of asylum seekers through this method has been patterned through the service allocation system saliently eroding the individual rights of asylum seekers who receive support as a homogenous group in chosen isolated locations.Overall, the system is a deterrent immigration strategy. Hynes (2011) adds that ,The exclusion of asylum seekers from ordinary living patterns through exclusionary practices and the inability to restore normal routines during the dispersal process meant that they occupied luminal spaces (p.178). The same can be applied to children who are allocated accommodation in areas where there are few or no support services for them. Dispersal without considering the welfare and interests of the child is administratively and structurally discriminatory; safeguarding the children should still remain a core element in the childs service provision considerations as part of aftercare support. Part of the systemic discrimination is a result of limited training for social workers which makes it appear as if UASC are difficult to reach, when in actual fact it is a group that is easy to ignore! At community level UASC are viewed with disgust, racist abuse and educational underperformance. At school, Rutter argues that central government needs to acknowledge school childrens under-achievement also has causes that lie outside the school (Rutter 2006:208) Legal Framework for UASC In order to protect the rights of the UASC and be professionally consistent, they must be treated as children first and foremost and the Childrens Act 1989 becomes relevant. Of importance from The Children Act 1989 are clauses stating that the welfare of children must be the paramount consideration when the courts are making decisions about them and local authorities are charged with duties to identify children in need and to safeguard and promote their welfare. Also importantly stated is the fact that delays in deciding questions concerning children are likely to prejudice their welfare. Local authority must provide welfare by seeing UASC as children first. This law provides a safety net for all children within the UK borders. The conflict emerges where Immigration law meets childrens rights legislation and a radical shift emerges emphasising more on controlling borders than welfare provision (Fell, Hayes, 2007). UASC must be assessed by the Framework for the assessment of children in need and their families and accommodated under Section 20 of the Children Act 1989 (NSPCC). As a result of lack of clarity on childrens available support, some children have been placed in bed and breakfast accommodation without support, mixing with adults whose criminal history is often not held. This exposes the vulnerable children to abuse and exploitation. Such a system again demonstrates how structural procedures discriminate and oppress UASC. The semi-independent living option is also not a better option for those just over 16. Their vulnerability levels are high and support is highly needed to safeguard them in their development and transition into adulthood. The Human Rights Act is a guiding legal framework applied in the UK and is core to how UASC in particular and refugees in general are supported. Asylum seekers are to be treated as individuals with rights namely the Right to life, Freedom from torture, Freedom from slavery, Right to a fair trial, Freedom of speech and Freedom of thought, conscience and religion. The Human Rights law is a universal safeguard and UASC can be protected from discrimination by its application. In a study carried out by the Independent Asylum Commission, Sir Waite said, The overuse of detention, the scale of destitution and the severity of removals are all areas which need attention before the system can be described as fit for purpose. The detention of asylum seekers is overused, oppressive and an unnecessary burden on the taxpayer, and the detention of children wholly unjustified. Dawar (2008) [The guardian] Its only by appealing to law that such progressive challenges can be made. The NSPCC (2012) campaigns and supports these children on the basis of equality arguing that the protection and welfare of asylum-seeking and refugee children is the same as that afforded to other children. The Childrens rights must be considered as core elements in the planning, assessment and service provision for this vulnerable group considering the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child particularly instruments for the right to maximum survival and development ,the right to identity ,the right to family unity and the right to participate .The right to protection from all forms of violence, injury, abuse, neglect or exploitation as well as the right to special assistance if the child is deprived of their family .The right to be protected from economic exploitation and the right to protection from violence, abuse, exploitation, trafficking is only realisable where the UASC are supported fully without falling through the safety net. Issues around the limitation of det ention as a measure of last resort are important in working with UASC. The duty of the government to take measures to ensure that child victims of armed conflict, torture, neglect or exploitation receive treatment for recovery and social integration is important as part of the therapeutic support necessary for their wellbeing. Policy and Practice guidances on working with UASC By use of legislation and practice guidances, UASC can be safeguarded and supported. Instead of describing them as UASCs these young people view themselves as (and rightly so) footballers doctors teachers president. They are ambitious and determined to live outside this discriminatory environment and label. Payne (2005) argues that, Some people dislike being called minority or oppressed groups, or being associated with any groups at all. Sometime because it might imply being seen as a victim of categorisation, which the person does not accept (2005:289). Conclusion Practical, political and procedural realities are scattered on the social workers professional pathway. Kohli (2007) rightly paints the complexity of being an UASC and being a social worker in the UK. The needs of vulnerable UASC remain a stark reality, leaves the social worker on the margins by either not being good enough or being too harsh (Kohli 2007). A young person from Glasgow said Home is home if it was better there I would have stayed. Understanding UASC past, building relationships with them in humane ways and safeguarding them by use of law can enhance anti-oppressive practice. This can be the basis for challenging discrimination of this vulnerable child group. Social workers cannot achieve this alone, voluntary sector agencies like the Refugee Council and NSPCC can work in partnership with the UKBA to set intervention strategies for this vulnerable group with the care and sensitivity due for any child in need in UK.

Alicia Moore (Pink) Essay -- Biography Singer Pink Essays

Alicia Moore (Pink) Alicia Moore, or Pink as she is better known, has become a music sensation around the United States. My reason for choosing her as a topic is the fact that she was born and raised in Doylestown, Pennsylvania my hometown. Doylestown is about an hour northeast of Philadelphia, and it’s easy to take note of anyone famous who comes out of D-Town, as it is called, because it is not the largest of areas. Pink went to the rival high school of mine, Central Bucks High School West, and I actually know a few people who knew her as Alicia Moore through various activities. Pink had a very rough childhood. She wanted to leave her house and envisioned a better life for herself when she was growing up. "I was screwed up, lost and unhappy," she said of her childhood. Her parents were fighting all the time and eventually divorced when Pink was only eight years old. She had little interest in school, got kicked of the house by her mother when she was 15, and went to live with her father and then dropped out of C.B. West her junior year. She claims she never even had any friends her own age. "My best friend was an 85-year-old woman who lived across the street," she said. Despite a difficult childhood, she always felt music was going to be her life. "I always knew I wanted to sing. I would tell my first grade teachers, 'Homework? What? I'm a rock star!' Seriously, I had it in my mind and that's why I fought with my parents so much because I was 30 by the time I was 10. I was ready to go, like, 'Come on. Put me onstage. Where's Star Search? What's going on?' An d it couldn't happen fast enough." After dropping out, Pink worked in places like Pizza Hut, McDonalds and Wendy's, but she was never on time and basically, hated tak... ...t happened all over again." Pink’s individuality is really shown throughout her life, from the desire to be a musician from a young age, to her comments on the other music icons of her age and gender. Pink’s music is unique and no two songs seem to sound the same. She’s a girl that knows what she wants and I think this will aid in her staying atop the charts for a long time. It’s seems very impressive and almost a claim to fame for my hometown, that Alicia Moore, Pink, a Doylestown native, has made such a large impact on the world of music. Works Cited: MSN Web Page, http://ninemsn.com.au/entertainment/music/pink.asp The Billboard Music Web Page, http://www.billboard.com The Detroit Free Press Web Page, http://www.freep.com/entertainment/music/pink30_20011130.htm The MTV Web Page, http://www.mtv.com/bands/p/pink/news_feature_112101/index2.jhtml

‘Of Mice & Men’ †Character Analysis Essay

During chapter two of the novel ‘Of Mice and Men,’ we are introduced to another six different characters as George and Lennie begin work on a farm. These characters are the boss, his son, Curley and Curley’s wife, and the other itinerants Candy, Slim and Carlson. The first of these characters that we meet is Candy. Candy Is introduced as an old man with a physical disability. â€Å"Out of the sleeve came a round stick-like wrist, but no hand.† His physical description shows that he cannot work on a farm, and we find out later that he has been demoted to a cleaner. Candy’s behaviour and the way he speaks links to each other. At first he seems a bit hostile towards George and Lennie as he doesn’t really welcome them. He then starts to talk to them properly and tells them about the ranch. Candy doesn’t really have any moral values. When he talks about the way the black stable buck is beaten up by the boss, instead of expressing concern he laughs and jokes about it. This shows that he is very biased. George and Lennie and Candy get on right from the start, but George is very angry after the interview when Candy eavesdrops on a conversation between George and Lennie. Candy is a very lonely man with no family. The only thing of significance to him is his dog, who is very much in parallel to him. The dog is very old and half-blind. Both are disabled and near the end of their working life. We learn a few things about the boss when Candy is telling George and Lennie about him. The first thing that Candy says about the boss is that he was very angry about them being late. â€Å"Where’s the hell them new men?† He always takes all of his anger out on the â€Å"nigger†, showing that he is racist. The stable buck, Crooks, even has a crooked back which he got from being kicked by a horse. Despite all of this anger, Candy goes on say how nice the boss is and about the Christmas where he bought a gallon of whiskey for the workers. â€Å"He’s a pretty nice fellow†, but he also â€Å"Gets pretty mad sometimes.† We then meet the boss who â€Å"stepped into the room†. As expected the boss is already angry about George and Lennie being late, but he is already suspicious. This is because George doesn’t let Lennie speak and the boss assumes that there is something dodgy going on. The boss accuses George of stealing Lennie’ s wages. â€Å"You taking his pay away from him?† The boss is paranoid and doesn’t really believe in friendship. He is very suspicious about them and asks George questions, forcing him to lie, â€Å"He’s my†¦cousin.† The tone of voice that is used throughout the interview is angry and suspicious. He is angry at George and Lennie for being late and suspicious about George’s behaviour. The next character is the boss’s son, Curley. Curley is described as â€Å"A little stocky man.† The clothes that he wears remind us of a typical cowboy. â€Å"†¦blue jean trousers, a flannel shirt, a black, unbuttoned vest and a black coat. His thumbs were stuck in his belt, on each side of a square steel buckle.† This shows us that he is not a labouring man and has a higher status. This is also shown by the fact that he stands confidently and arrogantly. He is broad, short and stocky, but also powerful. When George and Lennie meet Curley for the first time they immediately make an enemy. Right from the beginning Curley gives them a hostile reception when he walks him. â€Å"He glanced coldly at George and then at Lennie.† For some reason he seems to be looking for a fight, â€Å"his hands closed into fists.† Curley seems to have a problem with Lennie. Curley is very small and not like a normal man and is jealous of Lennie – he sees Lennie as a threat. Lennie is huge and muscular, but Curley is small and stocky. Even though he symbolises a higher status he is morally and physically stunted. Curley is very violent for a small man and can be compared to George, as he is a worse version of George (George is tamed my Lennie.† Of all the characters we have met so far most of them are physically or mentally disabled. Curley is very small and unman-like, Crooks has a crooked back, Candy only has one hand and Lennie is mentally disabled. Steinbeck is trying to show that even though America is the land of dreams, these people have been damaged by America. Crooks is also the target of racism. Even George is damaged by America as he has failed in life. Candy is the first person to talk about Curley’s wife, who describes her as â€Å"a tart†. George and Lennie meet her for the first time when she is supposedly looking for Curley in the bunkhouse. We cannot say that this is the real reason because Curley would not be there and she would have seen Curley go home. This shows that she may be a lonely person, or may have gone there to flirt with some of the men. However, her behaviour doesn’t seem flirtatious. â€Å"I’m trying to find Curley, Slim†, shows us that she is not coming on to Slim, but her physical appearance says that she is. The use of â€Å"red† imagery symbolises danger, and Curley’s wife is full of make-up that is red, â€Å"rouged lips and wide-spaced eyes, heavily made-up. Her finger nails were red.† Not only is her make-up red, but so are her clothes, â€Å"†¦red mules†¦little bouquets of red ostrich feathers.† She is a ‘scarlet’ and loose. She likes showing herself off and is not used to farm life, so she dresses quite provocatively. She is a ‘femme fatale’ because Lennie is attracted to red. This links back to the woman in Weed who had a red dress. This woman is a danger to Lennie, and also to George and Lennie’s jobs. â€Å"Lennie watched her, fascinated.† Slim is the most respected man on the farm. He is described as â€Å"a tall man† who was well-built and strong. He is not crippled in any way like some of the other characters. Slim is a â€Å"master-craftsmen† He was well respected and revered by everyone on the farm and everyone would look up to him and follow him, giving him authority over everyone else. Slim is very serious and intelligent and â€Å"the prince of the ranch.† This shows that everyone looks to him for guidance. â€Å"His voice was very gentle.† Slim doesn’t need to shout to get attention and respect, unlike Curley, who needs to fight and threaten. Slim can even hear things before people say something. Slim seems God-like and unrealistic because Steinbeck shows him as too perfect. He is an omnipotent who is idealised and no one is like him. Slim is used as a moral yardstick to measure everyone else. He welcomes George and Lennie to the ranch. He does this in a friendly and gentle way. â€Å"His tone was friendly. It invited confidence without demanding it.† He is not suspicious like the boss and believes in friends travelling together. He doesn’t seem hostile and gives George and Lennie a welcoming atmosphere and understands that George and Lennie look out for each other. George is also given the confidence to open up to George and reveal his true feelings about Lennie. George is able to trust Slim and knows that he will understand and not tell anyone. Carlson seems like a nice person from the start and by the way he welcomes George and Lennie. â€Å"Glad to meet ya.† Like Slim, he Carlson is described as a â€Å"powerful, big-stomached man†. He shows his respect to Slim and lets Slim go first. â€Å"Carlson stepped back to let Slim precede him†. However, we then find out that he is very insensitive. He begins a conversation about Slim’s dog and then talks about wanting to kill Candy’s dog. â€Å"That dog of Candy’s is so God-damn old he can’t hardly walk.† Stinks like hell, too†¦Why’n’t you get Candy to shoot his old dog.† Carlson wants to kill Candy’s dog because he is too old and smells and is a nuisance. This is very insensitive.

Code of Ethics for US Government Service

Code of Ethics for US Government Service   In general, rules of ethical conduct for persons serving the U.S. federal government are divided into two categories: elected members of Congress, and government employees. Note that in the context of ethical conduct, â€Å"employees† includes persons hired or appointed to work for the Legislative Branch or on the staffs of individual Senators or Representatives, as well as those executive branch employees appointed by the President of the United States. Active duty members of the U.S. military are covered by the codes of conduct for their specific branch of the military. Members of Congress The ethical conduct of the elected members of Congress is prescribed by either the House Ethics Manual or the Senate Ethics Manual, as created and revised by the House and Senate committees on ethics. Executive Branch Employees For the first 200 years of U.S. government, each agency maintained its own code of ethical conduct. But in 1989, the Presidents Commission on Federal Ethics Law Reform recommended that individual agency standards of conduct be replaced with a single regulation applicable to all employees of the executive branch. In response, President George H.W. Bush signed Executive Order 12674 on April 12, 1989, setting out the following fourteen basic principles of ethical conduct for executive branch personnel: Public service is a public trust, requiring employees to place loyalty to the Constitution, the laws and ethical principles above private gain.Employees shall not hold financial interests that conflict with the conscientious performance of duty.Employees shall not engage in financial transactions using nonpublic Government information or allow the improper use of such information to further any private interest.An employee shall not, except as permitted ... solicit or accept any gift or other items of monetary value from any person or entity seeking official action from, doing business with, or conducting activities regulated by the employees agency, or whose interests may be substantially affected by the performance or nonperformance of the employees duties.Employees shall put forth honest effort in the performance of their duties.Employees shall not knowingly make unauthorized commitments or promises of any kind purporting to bind the Government.Employees shall not use public offic e for private gain. Employees shall act impartially and not give preferential treatment to any private organization or individual.Employees shall protect and conserve Federal property and shall not use it for other than authorized activities.Employees shall not engage in outside employment or activities, including seeking or negotiating for employment, that conflict with official Government duties and responsibilities.Employees shall disclose waste, fraud, abuse, and corruption to appropriate authorities.Employees shall satisfy in good faith their obligations as citizens, including all just financial obligations, especially those- such as Federal, State, or local taxes- that are imposed by law.Employees shall adhere to all laws and regulations that provide equal opportunity for all Americans regardless of race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or handicap.Employees shall endeavor to avoid any actions creating the appearance that they are violating the law or the ethical standards set forth in this part. Whether particular circumstances create an appearance that the law or these standards have been violated shall be determined from the perspective of a reasonable person with knowledge of the relevant facts. The federal regulation enforcing these 14 rules of conduct (as amended) is now codified and fully explained in the Code of Federal Regulations at 5 C.F.R. Part 2635. Part 2635. Over the years since 1989, some agencies have created supplemental regulations that modify or supplement the 14 rules of conduct to better apply to the specific duties and responsibilities of their employees. Established by the Ethics in Government Act of 1978, the U.S. Office of Government Ethics provides overall leadership and oversight of the executive branch ethics program designed to prevent and resolve conflicts of interest. The Overarching Rules of Ethical Conduct In addition to the above 14 rules of conduct for executive branch employees, Congress, on June 27, 1980, unanimously passed a law establishing the followinggeneral Code of Ethics for Government Service. Signed by President Jimmy Carter on July 3, 1980, Public Law 96-303 requires that, â€Å"Any person in Government service should:† Put loyalty to the highest moral principles and to country above loyalty to persons, party, or Government department.Uphold the Constitution, laws, and regulations of the United States and of all governments therein and never be a party to their evasion.Give a full days labor for a full days pay; giving earnest effort and best thought to the performance of duties.Seek to find and employ more efficient and economical ways of getting tasks accomplished.Never discriminate unfairly by the dispensing of special favors or privileges to anyone, whether for remuneration or not; and never accept, for himself or herself or for family members, favors or benefits under circumstances which might be construed by reasonable persons as influencing the performance of governmental duties.Make no private promises of any kind binding upon the duties of the office, since a Government employee has no private word which can be binding on public duty.Engage in no business with the Government, either directl y or indirectly, which is inconsistent with the conscientious performance of governmental duties. Never use any information gained confidentially in the performance of governmental duties as a means of making private profit.Expose corruption wherever discovered.Uphold these principles, ever conscious that public office is a public trust. Is There a Presidential Code of Ethics? While the elected members of Congress have chosen to adopt their own code of ethics, the President of the United States, as an elected rather than hired or appointed representatives of the people, is not subject to any specific statute or rule governing his or her ethical conduct. While they are subject to civil suit and criminal prosecution for violations of common laws, presidents are generally immune from punishment for conduct related to their official acts. In other words, presidents are generally free to lie or misrepresent facts, as long as they do not intentionally defame any specific person or persons in doing so. In fact, the only the only practical remedies to unethical conduct on the part of the president are the constant vigilance of a well-informed public, congressional oversight, and ultimately the threat of impeachment for â€Å"high crimes and misdemeanors.†

Physical Sexual And Emotional Abuse Of Children Social Work Essay Essays

Physical Sexual And Emotional Abuse Of Children Social Work Essay Essays Physical Sexual And Emotional Abuse Of Children Social Work Essay Essay Physical Sexual And Emotional Abuse Of Children Social Work Essay Essay The slaughter of the inexperienced person is increasing each twenty-four hours, and the public witnesses the act, yet does non come to the assistance of the kids. Childs are being physically, sexually, and emotionally abused by both aliens and familiar faces. Obvious marks of maltreatment are shown, but some are excessively afraid to inform the constabulary section or other organisations that will maintain kids safe. This leads to emotional or physical harm to the kid, even decease. All maltreatment is non obvious to others unless they are a portion of the family. For those who survive maltreatment, non-profit organisations are at that place to assist them get the better of this test in their life. Non-profit organisations can assist forestall physical, sexual, and emotional kid maltreatment, or help a kid who has been abused in order to salvage them from psychological unwellness and jobs with society. The types of kid maltreatment in the universe today are physical, emotional, and sexual. Physical kid maltreatment is the 2nd most often reported signifier of kid maltreatment. It accounts for 25 per centum of all instances of kid maltreatment ( MedicineNet ) . Physical kid maltreatment is physical hurt inflicted upon the kid with barbarous and/or malicious purpose. Physical maltreatment can be the consequence of punching, whipping, kicking, biting, combustion, agitating, or harming a kid physically. ( MedicineNet ) Emotional kid maltreatment is the 3rd most often reported signifier of kid maltreatment. It accounts for 17 per centum of all instances of kid maltreatment ( MedicineNet ) . Emotional kid maltreatment includes Acts of the Apostless of committee or skip by the parents and other health professionals that could do the kid to hold terrible behavioural, emotional, or mental upset ( MedicineNet ) . In instances of emotional maltreatment, the Acts of the Apostless of parents, without any injury evident in the kid s behaviour or status, are sufficient to justify the intercession of kid protective services ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . An illustration of emotional kid maltreatment is when parents or health professionals use utmost signifiers of penalty, such as imprisonment of a kid in a dark cupboard. Another signifier of kid maltreatment is sexual kid maltreatment. Sexual kid maltreatment is a signifier of maltreatment in which an grownup or older stripling uses a kid for sexual stimulation. In the web article Child Abuse and Neglect: Recognizing and Preventing Child Abuse, it states that the types of sexual kid maltreatment contains indecorous exposure of the genitalias to a kid, exposing erotica to a kid, inquiring or coercing a kid to prosecute in sexual activities, irrespective if the act is completed or non, physical contact with the kid s genitalias, except during a medical test, sexual contact against a kid, screening of the kid s genital organ without physical contact, except during a medical test, or utilizing a kid to bring forth child erotica ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . These lay waste toing Acts of the Apostless may go forth the kid psychologically sick, physically injured, or dead. In order to forestall these state of affairss, information on the features of all three signifiers of kid maltreatment is needed. Common features of parents that physically abuse their kids are: holding low defeat tolerance, impaired rearing accomplishments, a sense of incompetency in parenting, a history of maltreatment, and unrealistic outlooks of kids. They besides express choler unsuitably and are isolated socially ( Fennell A ; Anne p.1 ) . In Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, Fennell and Anne give a quotation mark from Bredehoft, an person who describes the features of opprobrious parents. He states, A parent who comes from a dysfunctional household ; abuses drugs or intoxicant ; is intellectually low operation ; has emotional unwellness or important physical unwellness, history of illegal activities, matrimonial jobs, been investigated for kid maltreatment or disregard ; a kid with important behaviour jobs or wellness jobs ; inadequate support system for the household ; several immature kids in the place ; important fond regard jobs between the parent and the kid ; grounds of force i n the place ; and/or fiscal emphasis. This information is of import in order to try to forestall physical kid maltreatment. Without this cognition, the kid will endure. The longer the physical maltreatment continues, the more serious the effects will go. Child Abuse and Neglect: Recognizing and Preventing Child Abuse states, Short term effects of kid maltreatment include instantaneous hurting, agony and medical jobs in some instances, or even decease caused by physical hurt. Emotional effects besides are the effects of physical kid maltreatment. It includes choler, ill will, fright, anxiousness, humiliation, lowered self-esteem and inability to show feelings ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . Last, behavioural jobs are effects of physical kid maltreatment. Children become aggressive towards others or suicidal behaviours, overactive, enable to organize friendly relationships with equals and hapless societal accomplishments, and besides poorer cognitive and linguistic communication accomplishments than non-abused kids ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . The long term effects are what may take kids astray. Long term effects of kid maltreatment include physical and psychological jobs such as long term physical disablements. Examples are encephalon harm or oculus harm. Another long term affect would be disordered interpersonal relationships, for illustration, trouble swearing others within big relationships or violent relationships, a sensitivity to emotional perturbation, feelings of low ego regard, depression, an increased potency for kid maltreatment as a parent, and drug or intoxicant maltreatment ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . These effects will do the kid as an grownup to hold troubles in society. They are most likely to hold jobs with employment, have mental unwellnesss, commit offenses, and perchance go homeless. With intercession and placing the state of affairs the possibility that the high hazard of meeting these effects will diminish, and it will be easier for the kid to retrieve. Sixty-seven per centum of kids or striplings are 17 and under ( Prevent Child Abuse NY ) . In order to forestall sexual kid maltreatment, society must separate and respond upon the state of affairs. Sexual maltreatment does non ever occur upon contact. Exposing a kid to sexual state of affairss or stuff is sexual maltreatment. Many believe that misss are the lone gender at hazard of being sexually abused, but male childs are at hazard every bit good. Child sexual maltreatment is chilling, but it is even scarier to cognize that most sexual maltreatment is committed by grownups or older striplings that the kid knows and should be able to swear. For illustration, statistics show 93 per centum know their maltreater, 34 per centum abused are by household member, and 59 per centum are abused by person trusted by the household ( Prevent Child Abuse NY ) . Shame and guilt are the general effects of sexual maltreatment among kids. They frequently consider that in some manner they are responsible for the maltreatment. This can take to self-loathing and sexual jobs as they grow older. Children that are sexually abused are frequently either overly promiscuous or unable to hold intimate dealingss as an grownup ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . The shame of sexual maltreatment makes it really hard for kids to come frontward. They may worry that others will non believe them, will be angry with them, or that it will do struggle in their household. Because of these troubles, false accusals of sexual maltreatment are non common. In order to assist forestall sexual maltreatment, many organisations supply a list of warning marks. Prevent Child Abuse gives warnings of a sexually abused kid, Having problem walking or sitting, shows knowledge or involvement in sexual Acts of the Apostless inappropriate to his or her age, or even seductive behaviour, makes strong attempts to avoid a specific individual, without an obvious ground, does non desire to alter apparels in forepart of others or take part in physical activities, an STD or gestation, particularly under the age of 14, and runs off from place. ( Prevent Child Abuse NY ) Sticks and rocks may interrupt my castanetss but words will neer ache me. At a immature age many kids are taught this phrase in order to educate them non to be concerned with what others articulate. Contrary to this old expression, emotional maltreatment can badly damage a kid s mental wellness or societal development, go forthing wombs of emotional kid maltreatment are: Changeless denigration, shaming, and mortifying a kid naming names and doing negative comparings to others, stating a kid he or she is no good, worthless, bad, or a error, frequent shouting, endangering, or intimidation, disregarding or rejecting a kid as penalty, giving him or her the soundless intervention, limited physical contact with the kid, no clinchs, busss, or other marks of fondness, and exposing the kid to force or the maltreatment of others, whether it be the maltreatment of a parent, a sibling, or even a pet ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . Warning marks of emotional maltreatment consist of overly withdrawn, fearful, or anxiousness about making something incorrect, or demoing extremes in behaviour ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . For illustration, the kid will be highly obedient or highly demanding ; highly inactive or highly aggressive, does non look to be attached to the parent or health professional, and acts either unsuitably grownup, taking attention of other kids, or unsuitably childish are besides marks of emotional maltreatment ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . Emotional Abuse earnestly interferes with a kid s cognitive, emotional, psychological or societal development. Douglas Besharov provinces in Acknowledging Child Abuse: A Guide for the Concerned, Emotional maltreatment is an assault on the kid s mind, merely as physical maltreatment is an assault on the kid s organic structure ( Besharov ) . Danya Glaser finds that emotional maltreatment can be more strongly prognostic of subsequent damages in the kids s development than the badness of physical maltreatment ( Glaser ) . Surveies have shown that an baby who is badly deprived of basic emotional nurturance, can neglect to boom and can finally decease. Babies with less terrible emotional want can turn into dying and insecure kids who are slow to develop and who have low self-prides. Although the seeable marks of emotional maltreatment in kids can be hard to observe, the concealed cicatrixs of this type of maltreatment grows in legion behavioural ways, such as insecurity, hapless self-esteem, destructive behaviour, angry Acts of the Apostless, backdown, hapless development of basic accomplishments, intoxicant or drug maltreatment, self-destruction, trouble organizing relationships and unstable occupation histories. Emotionally abused kids turn up believing that they are lacking in some manner. This will go a rhythm where the kid that was abused will mistreat their kid when they are older. Child maltreatment has increased over the old ages, and so hold the non-profit organisations to assist kids that have been abused. One such organisation is Kids In Total Health. This organisation was created, in 1995, by two female parents that realize the importance of assisting abused kids take back their childhood. This plan helps raise kids s ego regard and motivates them so that they have the tools to develop entire mental, emotional, and physical wellness. Their plans include gymnastic exercises, soldierly humanistic disciplines, guitar lessons, voice lessons, and summer cantonment. This organisation besides pushes persons to assist others that are abused by informing them so they are able to assist. Their mission statement is, Kids In Total Health ( KITH ) is giving abused kids back a piece of their stolen childhood, by allowing their wants. KITH offers plans that raise self esteem, helps to actuate the kid which gives them the tools necessary to develop entire mental, physic al and emotional wellness. As a charity we provide both fiscal and emotional support to the kid and households of abused kids, so that they may mend. KITH besides has a direct impact on the kid s ability to execute better in school, place, and in society. KITH is aiming our young person that needs a small something particular so that they someday can state I am non a victim, I am a subsister. This statement gives hope and encouragement to those who have been abused. It besides informs them that it is clip to take back their artlessness that was stolen from them long ago. During my research I came across narratives of kids being sexually, physically, and emotionally abused. In February 2009, a female parent in Dallas, Texas, was charged with disregard after her nine-year-old died from complications of diabetes after she failed to assist her manage her disease. In June 2008, a female parent in North Central Texas had her three kids taken off because of a instance of Munchausen syndrome by placeholder ( Iannelli ) . In January 2009, two parents in Dallas, Texas, were charged with mistreating their six-month-old baby so badly that he was in intensive attention and it was thought that he was non traveling to be able to retrieve. Besides a female parent s fellow was charged with the decease of her six-year-old boy ( Iannelli ) . In December 2008, a male parent was charged with the decease of his three-month-old baby who was found unresponsive, with bone breaks and liver lacerations ( Iannelli ) . February 2009, a male parent in Lodi, California, was charge d with physical maltreatment after a school employee noticed and reported Burnss on a six-year old pupil, which were thought to hold been inflicted by a apparels Fe. She had besides been beaten with a stick and her female parent was charged with child hazard. In the same month a female parent and her live-in fellow in Janesville, Wisconsin, were charged with maltreatment after repeatedly hitting her three-year-old girl to the point that she required exigency encephalon surgery. Besides is this month a fellow of a kid s female parent in Wilmington, Delaware, hit and killed a 16-month old miss because she would nt halt weeping ( Iannelli ) . In January 2009, in Fall River, Massachusetts, a female parent was charged with firing her four-year-old surrogate boy with a curling Fe, doing third-degree Burnss that required tegument transplant surgery ( Iannelli ) . These are merely a few narratives of kids being abused. In the universe today, some kid maltreatment goes unreported, and others are reported to late. Society is needed to halt kid maltreatment and salvage our artlessnesss. Maltreatment happens every twenty-four hours. The slaughter of the artlessness continues. There are non-profit organisations that are willing to assist kids in demand of love and attention, but without acknowledging the marks of maltreatment they are unable to assist. Even though I merely gave one organisation there are 1000000s out at that place such as: Rescue Me Service Center, Free Art for Abused Children, Bikers Against Child Abuse, and Dreamcatchers for Abused Children, and many more. Even though is highly hard to forestall maltreatment, it is non hard to assist a kid after that horrific act is over.

Catholic Social Teaching and the Interpretation of it by the Essay

Catholic Social Teaching and the Interpretation of it by the Liberation Theologians - Essay Example The social discrimination and inequality were harshly criticized by the church through its doctrines and Catholic Social teaching is considered as one of the major doctrines of the church on social concerns. Catholic Social Teaching is a term to denote the Catholic’s relationships between the state and the religion. Precisely speaking it is the teaching of the Church on many social justice issues which are there in the society. The teachings of the church have been taken by many organizations and so the church gives a vivid picture of its social teaching based on the true faith in the son of God. The present article tries to bring out the salient features of Catholic Social Teaching (CST) and makes out the differences between the Catholic theology and Liberation theology in the CST. Catholic Social Teaching Catholic Social teaching is considered as the greatest gift of the Roman Catholic Church to the world. The concern of Church over the social justice is visible in the teach ing. The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops states that, â€Å"Catholic social teaching is based on and inseparable from our understanding of human life and human dignity. Every human being is created in the image of God and redeemed by Jesus Christ, and therefore is invaluable and worthy of respect as a member of the human family† (United States conference of Catholic Bishops, 2011). ... Pope in the letter stresses the concepts of equality and dignity in the social realm. He in a way stood for the common people who were working in many factories and land owners. He said in the letter as given in the article by Patrick Harrington as, â€Å"To defraud a man of the wage which is his due is to commit a grievously sinful act which cries out to heaven for vengeance† (Cooney, 2002, p.9). So by the term the Church wanted to involve state for upholding justice in the society thereby giving justice to workers in terms of wage and equality. The present Pope Benedict XVI through his Encyclical letter, ‘Caritas in Veritate’ (Charity in Truth) speaks a new dimension to the social teaching of the Catholicism. In the Encyclical Pope recalls â€Å"charity is the heart of Church’s social doctrine.† He added, â€Å"a Christianity of charity without truth would be more or less interchangeable with a pool of good sentiments, helpful for social cohesion, but of little relevance† (Catholic Social Teaching, n.d.). So the present Pope gives utmost importance to the truth in life and in social circles. He adds the gospel’s teachings to the social teaching which makes out more clarification to the doctrine. Principles of Catholic Social Teaching The Church has well established the principles of the social teaching through its different letters and books. The key principles, based on the teachings of Christ and the Apostles, proclaim the Christian beliefs intact. The Church in no way supports the ideologies of communism and capitalism with its social teaching. The atheistic aspect of communism is strongly objected by the church and on the other hand it does not support the individualistic aspects of capitalism. The church stands as

Commercial real estate- Manhattan Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Commercial real estate- Manhattan - Coursework Example Downtown experiences the most rapid growth, followed by Midtown, and finally Uptown (Wheatonm et al., 2009). In addition, Manhattan has the largest and broadest set-up of business improvement districts (BIDS) in New York (Rudder Property, 2013). They are actually considered one of the key drivers for economic revitalization in the commercial property development. We cannot objectively describe the economic drives of Manhattan without considering the commercial real estate of the County (Wheatonm et al., 2009). Other factors are equally important, especially the overwhelming workforce industry, but this particular sector economically overshadows them in many aspects. To put it, the commercial real estate in Manhattan is undisputedly the worlds most stylish and costly real estate industry going the present statistics. In fact, it is the home to the world’s most famous bridges, skyscrapers and parks. The One World Trade Centre, Chrysler Building, Empire State Building and the twin towers are all located in Manhattan (Carlyle, 2014). According to Forbes, the real estate worth of Manhattan as at 2013 exceeded three trillion US dollars (Brennah, 2013). In terms of office space, it is listed as the largest office market in the US (Rudder Property, 2013). Currently, Manhattan is the third most densely populated borough in New York County. With over 1,636,268 inhabitants. This is about a fifth of the population of the City, and 9% of the state (State and County QuickFacts, 2015). In land area, it is the smallest of the five boroughs. One of the reasons why most tall buildings are located in the area is because of the bedrock which underlies much of the borough (Moss & Qung, 2012). People have argued that it is perhaps the preferred locations for skyscrapers due to the unique nature of its bedrock from one town to the other (Wheaton et al., 2009 According to the information provided by the real estate firm Douglas Elliman, commercial real